IBM has made a historic leap in quantum computing by unveiling Condor, a groundbreaking quantum computer boasting 1,121 qubits, marking a pivotal moment in quantum computing. However, the focus is now steering away from sheer qubit quantity toward fortifying error resistance, a crucial aspect due to the volatility of quantum states.It follows on from IBM’s other record-setting, bird-named machines, including a 127-qubit chip called Eagle, released in 2021 and a 433-qubit one called Osprey, announced last year.
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Quantum computers harness unique quantum phenomena—entanglement and superposition—enabling qubits to exist in diverse states concurrently, promising computations unattainable by classical computers. Yet, the fragility of these quantum states poses a challenge, prompting efforts to mitigate errors. The company also unveiled a chip called Heron that has 133 qubits, but with a record-low error rate, three times lower than that of IBM’s previous quantum processor. Read Here Official Release
Traditionally, error-correction techniques necessitated thousands of physical qubits to form a single logical qubit. Yet, recent excitement in the scientific community gravitates toward a novel error-correction approach quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC). This method, anticipated to significantly reduce error rates, is explored by IBM researchers, holding the promise of correcting errors with only a few hundred physical qubits, revolutionising the path to practical quantum computation.
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While optimism surrounds the qLDPC technique’s potential, implementing it with superconducting qubits, such as those used by IBM, remains a formidable challenge. Researchers, including Mikhail Lukin from Harvard University, recognize the theoretical promise but anticipate a prolonged timeline before experimental validation.
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A pivotal aspect of qLDPC is its requirement for each qubit to connect to at least six others, contrasting with the typical connectivity in current superconducting chips. IBM’s solution involves a chip redesign to accommodate these additional connections, paving the way for future advancements in quantum error correction.
IBM’s revised quantum research roadmap envisions achieving computationally useful milestones, like simulating catalyst molecule behaviour, by the decade’s end. Oliver Dial, IBM Quantum’s chief technology officer, highlights the proximity of this once-distant aspiration, signalling a tangible path forward in quantum computing advancement.
